Dicky's Tech Pages: LED TV vs LCD TV vs Plasma TV, mana yang pantas di...

Dicky's Tech Pages: LED TV vs LCD TV vs Plasma TV, mana yang pantas di...: "thx 4 Mr Depet Era TV Tabung yang sudah berpuluh tahun menjadi perangkat elektronik keluarga favorit untuk menghadirkan tayangan hiburan s..."

Dicky's Tech Pages: LED TV vs LCD TV vs Plasma TV, mana yang pantas di...

Dicky's Tech Pages: LED TV vs LCD TV vs Plasma TV, mana yang pantas di...: "thx 4 Mr Depet Era TV Tabung yang sudah berpuluh tahun menjadi perangkat elektronik keluarga favorit untuk menghadirkan tayangan hiburan s..."

Dicky's Tech Pages: LED TV vs LCD TV vs Plasma TV, mana yang pantas di...

Dicky's Tech Pages: LED TV vs LCD TV vs Plasma TV, mana yang pantas di...: "thx 4 Mr Depet Era TV Tabung yang sudah berpuluh tahun menjadi perangkat elektronik keluarga favorit untuk menghadirkan tayangan hiburan s..."

LED TV vs LCD TV vs Plasma TV, mana yang pantas dibeli?

thx 4 Mr Depet

Era TV Tabung yang sudah berpuluh tahun menjadi perangkat elektronik keluarga favorit untuk menghadirkan tayangan hiburan segera berakhir dalam beberapa waktu ke depan. Standar baru siaran digital yang saat ini sudah memasuki tahapan uji-coba di ibukota dan akan menyusul kota-kota lain dalam waktu dekat nampaknya memicu percepatan pergeseran untuk menggunakan perangkat TV Digital seperti Plasma TV, LCD TV, dan teknologi terbaru LED TV.

Selain itu, berbagai keunggulan yang ditawarkan juga melambungkan popularitas TV layar datar dari ketiga jenis teknologi tersebut, antara lain: ukuran yang tipis, ringan, dan dapat digantungkan di tembok. Ukuran layar yang besar juga menjadi daya tarik tersendiri bagi para penggemar tanyangan televisi. Tidak ketinggalan pula fitur hemat energi yang ditawarkan, yang memungkinkan penghematan konsumsi listrik.

Membeli Televisi Digital, nampaknya bagi sebagian orang cukup menyulitkan, karena munculnya berbagai terminologi baru yang membingungkan, dimana seringkali teknologi yang sama mendapat label yang berbeda di antara produsen yang berbeda. Salah satu yang paling membingungkan adalah perbedaan antara Plasma TV, LCD TV, dan LED TV. Tidak terhitung kali penggunaan sebutan “Plasma TV” diarahkan untuk sebuah LCD TV, mengingat Plasma merupakan salah satu teknologi pertama untuk layar datar dengan ukuran yang besar >(42”).

Apa sebenarnya perbedaan antara ketiga jenis TV layar datar tersebut? Manakah diantara ketiga jenis TV tersebut yang layak untuk dibeli?

Plasma Display Panel (PDP) atau di Indonesia banyak dikenal sebagai Plasma TV merupakan salah satu jenis teknologi TV layar datar yang memungkinkan produsen untuk memproduksi TV Layar Datar ukuran besar secara massal dengan harga yang ekonomis.

Istilah dan konsep teknologi Plasma TV sendiri diperkenalkan pada tahun 1936 oleh seorang ahli Fisika, Elektronika, dan penemu dari Hungaria [1]. Pada perkembangannya IBM, Fujitsu, dan Panasonic memperkenalkan beberapa jenis televisi yang memanfaatkan teknologi Plasma pada hasil riset mereka. Baru pada tahun 1997, Fujitsu diikuti Philips dan Pioneer, merilis TV layar datar ukuran 42 inci dengan teknologi Plasma secara komersial [2].

Istilah PDP sendiri berasal dari penggunaan sel Plasma, yang merupakan lampu Fluorescent, sebagai dasar pencahayaan layar televisi tersebut. Sebuah Plasma TV memanfaatkan jutaan sel Plasma yang diletakkan diantara dua panel layar kaca. Setiap sel yang berisi kombinasi antara gas noble dan sejumlah kecil mercury yang akan diuapkan dan diberi aliran listrik sehingga berpendar dan membentuk plasma. Warna dihasilkan dari fosfor yang terdapat di dalam sel tersebut, di mana di dalam setiap sel akan berisi fosfor 3 jenis warna utama, yaitu: Red, Green, dan Blue, atau biasa dikenal dengan RGB. Perbedaan voltage yang diberikan pada tiap sel juga menghasilkan kombinasi warna yang ada.

Keunggulan Plasma TV
Menghasilkan warna hitam yang lebih baik dari LCD TV
Contrast rasio yang tinggi (1:2.000.000)
Sudut pandang lebih lebih lebar
Refresh Rate dan Response Time yang cepat, meminimalisir tampilan gambar kabur
Kwalitas Movie secara keseluruhan yang sangat bai
Meskipun resolusi HD enable pada layar >50 inchi sangat berbeda dengan resolusi full HD, namum teknologi TV plasma saat ini dapat sangat  "mengangkat" resolusi sehingga pada layar diatas 50 inchi sekalipun, fitur full HD tidak begitu memiliki perbedaan.

Kelemahan Plasma TV
Gambar diam yang ditampilkan dalam waktu yang lama akan menimbulkan burn-in dan gambar berbayang
Kualitas gambar akan terus menurun seiring dengan lamanya penggunaan, meskipun dalam jangka waktu yang relatif lama
Lebih berat dari LCD
Menggunakan daya listrik yang lebih besar dibandingkan dengan LCD TV
Ukuran umumnya tidak tersedia di bawah 42 inchi.
Memiliki "umur sekitar 30.000 jam, yang artinya setengah "umur" LCD TV, namun demikian, umur ini telah mencukupi bagi mereka yang menonton TV setiap hari selama 10 tahun 

 

LCD TV yang di pasaran tampil lebih dulu dari Plasma mengalami penurunan popularitas sejak kemunculan Plasma TV mengingat berbagai kelebihan yang ditawarkan dibandingkan LCD generasi awal. Dengan harga yang jauh lebih mahal untuk ukuran yang lebih kecil, membuat penjualan Plasma meningkat.

Namun demikian, pada perkembangan selanjutnya, LCD TV dengan harga ekonomis dengan berbagai kemajuan teknis, membuat konsumen kembali beralih ke LCD TV. Seiring dengan kemunculan HDTV dan Full HD TV di jajaran produk LCD TV, diikuti dengan ukuran yang besar, harga LCD TV pun juga semakin masuk akal di kantong konsumennya.

Pada dasarnya LCD TV bekerja dengan memproduksi gambar hitam dan berwarna dengan melakukan seleksi cahaya yang dipancarkan oleh serangkaian lampu teknologi CCFLs (Cold Cathode Fluorescent Lamps) di belakang layar. Jutaan lampu tersebut akan dinyalakan dan dimatikan melalui LCD shutter dengan melewatkan cahaya putih dengan intensitas tertentu. Setiap shutter akan digabungkan dengan filter warna yang akan melewatkan warna Red, Green, dan Blue (RGB). Shutter dan Filter yang masing-masing merupakan sub-pixel ini berukuran sangat kecil, dan secara kasat mata membentuk gabungan yang disebut dengan pixel [3].

Keunggulan LCD TV
Menghasilkan warna yang lebih realistis
Teknologi anti glare (tanpa bayangan)
Tersedia mulai ukuran kecil hingga besar
Tidak ada radiasi yang dipancarkan
Dapat digunakan sebagai monitor komputer (lebih cocok sebagai monitor atau pengguna Game (digitalized movie
Kebutuhan sumber daya listrik yang lebih rendah dibanding Plasma

Kelemahan LCD TV
Kualitas gambar akan menurun apabila dilihat pada sudut pandang yang lebar
Untuk ukuran yang besar, harganya lebih mahal apabila dibandingkan dengan Plasma TV
Refresh Rate dan Response Time yang jauh lebih rendah dibandingkan Plasma, sehingga kadang menghasilkan gambar yang kabur.
Harga relatif mahal terutama dengan ukuran > 32 inch

Beberapa tahun terakhir, pasar televisi digital diramaikan dengan hadirnya sebuah teknologi televisi layar datar yang oleh beberapa vendor elekronik terkemuka disebut dengan LED TV. Vendor yang paling agresif dalam menggelontorkan TV dengan teknologi baru ini antara lain: Samsung Electronics, LG Electronics, Toshiba, dan berbagai vendor terkemuka lainnya.

Pada dasarnya sebenarnya LED TV merupakan pengembangan dari LCD TV dimana jenis ini menggunakan LED Backlight sebagai pengganti cahaya fluorescent yang digunakan pada jenis LCD TV sebelumnya. Ada dua macam bentuk LED TV yang beredar di pasaran: RGB LED dengan LED yang diletakkan di belakang panel layar, atau EDGE-LED dimana LED diletakkan di sekeliling layar [5].

Kelebihan LED TV

Tingkat contrast yang jauh lebih tinggi dibandingkan LCD TV, setara atau bahkan lebih tinggi daripada Plasma TV
Memungkinkan produsen untuk memproduksi televisi layar datar dengan ukuran super tipis, dengan ketebalan sekitar 2.5 cm
Lebih ramah lingkungan
Konsumsi listrik yang lebih rendah sekitar 20-30% dibandingkan LCD TV konvensional
Berbagai produk LED TV dari vendor terkenal menawarkan fitur pemrosesan gambar digital, fitur Digital TV Tuner, dan berbagai fitur terbaru lainnya.
Kelemahan LED TV

Harga yang lebih mahal, pada saat ini untuk ukuran yang sama, harga LED TV yang termurah sekitar 1,5 kali lipat LCD TV konvensional
Kesimpulan

Secara umum LED TV menawarkan kualitas gambar yang lebih baik apabila dibandingkan dengan LCD TV, khususnya untuk contrast gambar serta kesempurnaan warna hitam, , meskipun bagi sebagian besar orang perbedaan itu tidak terlalu nampak. Hal ini disebabkan karena kualitas LCD TV yang sudah cukup memadai. Apabila dibandingkan dengan plasma, kualitas yang ditawarkan juga setingkat atau bahkan lebih, mengingat LED TV terbaru menawarkan berbagai fitur tambahan untuk mengolah gambar.

Perbedaan harga yang cukup mencolok dengan LCD TV, tidak menyurutkan sebagian orang untuk membeli LED TV, mengingat penampilan LED TV yang lebih tipis dan dengan desain terbaru. Bagi sebagian orang lain yang menempatkan harga di atas berbagai kriteria pembelian TV, nampaknya LCD TV masih menjadi pilihan utama. Plasma sendiri, nampaknya sudah tidak terlalu menarik minat, dan mulai ditinggalkan sejak tahun 2007, mengingat perbedaan harga yg sudah semakin tipis antara LCD TV dan Plasma TV. Desain yang juga terlihat usang juga semakin menyurutkan minat orang yang akan membeli Plasma TV. Panasonic sebagai salah satu produsen yang selama bertahun-tahun kukuh dengan memproduksi Plasma TV untuk ukuran 42 inci ke atas, akhir-akhir ini sudah mulai mengalihkan jajaran TV terbarunya dengan teknologi LCD TV dan LED TV.

Akhirnya, semuanya terpulang kembali kepada calon pembeli. Apabila anggaran yang tersedia mencukupi, pemilihan LED TV nampaknya cukup tepat, mengingat LED TV sudah dipersiapkan untuk teknologi TV digital yang benar-benar akan menggantikan TV analog pada tahun 2018. Namun apabila anggaran terbatas, LCD TV merupakan pilihan yang paling pas, mengingat fitur yang disediakan sudah cukup memadai, lebih ringan, serta lebih hemat energi apabila dibandingkan dengan Plasma TV

Tidying Your Mac

Introduction

Recently I tried to use someone else's Macintosh computer. As I sat at the monitor I found that the screen contents were totally disorganized; there were icons for applications and documents all over monitor's screen. When I attempted to find a particular application it was eventually located in the "Preferences Folder" within the "System Folder", a most unlikely site. When asked, the owner's response was "I've been hunting for that." This and a similar experiences with the computers belonging to others has prompted me to write the following tutorial

General Overview

You've just purchased a new Macintosh and can't wait to start it up and begin doing all those things that one is supposed to do with a computer. A card that came with the new equipment reminds you to "PLEASE READ THE MANUAL FIRST!" but who among us can wait long enough to read a manual? I couldn't. So, after correctly connecting cables from the "box" (CENTRAL PROCESSING UNIT or CPU) to the monitor, the mouse, the keyboard and the printer, you dive in. You're off like a "herd of turtles!"

Fortunately a "Mac" will usually tolerate this approach and will operate properly despite its owner's lack of understanding. However, after a time you will find that a document on which you spent so much time can't be found without a tedious search (sometimes you never find it) or you realize that you're spending too much time online and your telephone bills are too high. Then, one day, someone sits down at your keyboard to use your machine; if honest and direct (blunt), he/she will let you know that they "can't make heads or tails of your setup."

When using another person's computer it disturbs me when there appears to be no rational approach to the way in which the hard disk's contents are organized: word processing applications may be hidden in the System Folder, word processing documents are tucked into a graphic application folder, last year's income tax return is lost somewhere in the System Folder, etc. When the owner is questioned, it is evident that he/she needs to come to an understanding of the terms DESKTOP, FILES, FOLDERS, APPLICATIONS, EXTENSIONS, etc.

This tutorial is an attempt to introduce the most basic concepts of organization and function of your new Macintosh with the hope that you will avoid some of these problems. It will be a "down-to-earth" and nontechnical description.

Desktop

The image that you see on your monitor's screen when the computer first boots (is turned on) and before any applications are running is the DESKTOP. In its simplest form it will contain only two items: the MENUBAR , the bar across the top of the screen with the Apple symbol in its left corner, a number of words or icons along it and a small icon of a computer screen on the far right. If you hold the mouse button down on one of the words or icons another list of words, the SUBMENU, may appear below it. The contents of these menus and submenus differ with each program or application that you run, but in all instances they permit you to make your wishes known to the "infernal machine" beneath or next to the monitor. To carry out these "orders" you hold the mouse button down with the cursor over the word or icon on the menubar, drag the cursor down the submenu until the command you seek is highlighted and then release the button. I will omit a discussion of the function of the various commands and leave that for your reading or experimentation.

The second item found on a minimal desktop is an icon for one or more DRIVES or DISKS which appear in the upper right hand corner of the screen; if you have more than one drive attached to the computer, the icon in the right upper corner is for the disk containing the software responsible for operating the computer itself, the SYSTEM SOFTWARE or OPERATING SYSTEM. It takes its position in the right upper corner because it "loads" first when the computer is "booted" or turned on. These icons may have been given a name such as "Macintosh HD" but you may choose another moniker for it.

Hard Drive

This is the storage site or file cabinet for most of the information that can be accessed by your computer; it contains several FOLDERS, just as a file cabinet would contain rows of folders. In turn, these folders may contain APPLICATIONS that are pieces of software that instruct your computer how to do something (start up and operate the computer, create a letter, write a paper, send a message via e-mail, draw a picture, create a graph, etc.) or DOCUMENTS which may be textual material (letters, articles, data bases, etc.) or graphics such as pictures, graphs, diagrams, etc.

With but few exceptions, it is important to "file" these items in correct and appropriate places. (Note: While reading this material it will help if you turn on your Mac and perform some of the acts as you go along. By performing these procedures while reading, you'll come to understand how and why the machine functions as it does.)

If you click the mouse button twice (double click) on the icon for the hard drive it will open a WINDOW (see below) that displays the contents of the drive. There you will find several folders. The most vital of these is the SYSTEM FOLDER that contains other folders for FONTS, APPLE MENU ITEMS, CONTROL PANELS, EXTENSIONS, PREFERENCES and probably many others. The System Folder also contains two other items that are vital to the operation of your computer: the SYSTEM, depicted as the icon of a suitcase, and the FINDER,represented as the icon of a monitor. It is a good idea not to place anything into the System Folder unless you are specifically instructed to do so either by someone with experience, or by the manufacturer of the software that you are installing. As you become more familiar and proficient in the use of your computer you will feel more comfortable about "fussing around" within the System Folder, but it's best to wait a bit on that.

DEFINITIONS

At this point a few definitions are in order:

Fonts:

These are software items that direct your computer to print or display the typeface in a specific fashion. Some fonts are bold, some are plain and some are italicized. Some are serif fonts; for example this is a serif font (note the flairs at the tips of the letter). Others are sans serif (without tips), as for example this . As you work with word processors you will learn more about the various forms of fonts and their uses. A valuable introduction to this field is The Mac is Not a Typewriter by Robin Williams, published by Peachpit Press.

Apple Menu Items:

If you move the mouse cursor to the Apple icon at the left end of the Menubar and hold the mouse button down on the Apple, a submenu will appear. These APPLE MENU items makes certain programs readily accessible to you; if you drag the cursor to an item in the submenu that you wish to use or "open", the application will be launched. Some of these items include DESK ACCESSORIES, small applications such as CALCULATOR, NOTEPAD, CONTROL PANEL ACCESS, etc. that perform specific functions

Other objects can be placed in the APPLE MENU FOLDER. The latter can be found in the System Folder and anything placed within that folder will appear as an APPLE MENU ITEM which appears as a submenu when the Apple icon is clicked. In general, it is wise not to place large applications in that folder, but if, for example, you wanted to be able to open your word processing application from the Apple Menu, you could use an ALIAS (see below) of the original application.

Alias:

An alias is an icon that looks just like that of an application or document, but is small and occupies very little space (i.e. 6000 bytes) as opposed to the original object which may be relatively huge (i.e 2,000,000 bytes.) It is "connected" to the icon of the original application so that clicking on it or opening it from the Apple Menu will launch the original application or document that may be located elsewhere on the hard drive.

To create an alias of a document, folder or application, highlight the item's icon (by clicking on it once with the mouse button) and either type Command-M or pull down and highlight "Make Alias" under the "FILE" item in the menubar. A new icon with the same name as the original but its name will be in italics . This alias can then be placed wherever you please, the Apple Menu Folder, the Desktop, or anywhere else of your choosing. Its purpose is to be readily accessible to you without your having to search through folders or disks for the original item.

Control Panels:

These are small software items (cdev's) that serve as control devices and perform their function while the computer is in operation. Browsing through the CONTROL PANELS folder that is located in the System Folder, will reveal items that control the action of the mouse, the keyboard, the computer's memory, the clock, etc. This folder can also be accessed by dragging the mouse cursor down the Apple Menu until the submenu, CONTROL PANELS, is highlighted. It is interesting and profitable to explore these devices in order to gain a better understanding of how the computer functions and how you can modify these functions to fit your personal needs.

Extensions:

These items are sequestered within the System Folder and "load" when you start the computer. They are represented by the small icons that march along the bottom of the screen as the Mac starts up. They work behind the scenes to add specific functions to the Macintosh; for example, some allow you to use a CD-ROM drive to play audio CD's; others control your modem and assist in connecting to your on-line service or fax; some assist the printer in its proper operation, etc.

Hierarchal Filing System

Your computer's hard disk can be organized as you would a filing cabinet. Apple programmers have designed what they call a HIERARCHAL FILING SYSTEM with which one folder can be placed inside another folder, and so on. To create a new folder on the desktop or in a WINDOW that is open, you can either type COMMAND (the key with the Apple on it)- N, or hold the mouse button down on the FILE item in the MENUBAR, drag the cursor down until the submenu item NEW FOLDER is highlighted and then release the button. A new folder labelled "Untitled Folder" will appear within the window; you then label the folder by typing it s name in the box beneath it. Double clicking on this folder will open a new window which represents the interior of this new folder; into this you may place other folders or items (files) such as documents or graphic images.

Everyone has his or her own idea of the "perfect" filing system; ultimately you will devise your own. The goal is to know where things are and how to quickly locate them. In order to give you some idea as to how the hard disk may be set up, I shall describe a typical system.



The above illustration depicts the window one might see after opening a hard drive entitled "Mac HD". The folders on this disk are arranged alphabetically.

• At the first level we have placed a folder entitled "Applications" and within it are two other folders, one containing applications related to word processing and a second containing graphic applications.
• The second folder on the hard drive contains documents or products of your applications. In this example there are two folders within the "Documents" folder: one for personal papers and the other for business related items. Each of these folders in turn might contain a folder for "Letters 1996" as well as one for "Budget" or "Mailing List", etc.
• The third folder on the hard drive has been set aside for "Games."
• The fourth, the "System Folder;" as has been pointed out, there are many other items and folders filed within the latter

Remember that each tier of folders may contain several levels of folders just as in a file cabinet. This is what Apple means by it's hierarchal filing system.

How Do I Put Things Where I Want Them?

You have set up your filing system; the next problem is how to put items into their proper folders. The simplest way to begin is to use the Macintosh process of "drag and drop." To do this you find the document or item that you want to move to s specific folder and "select" it by clicking the mouse button on it once; this highlights the icon indicating that it has been selected (see below).



You can now place the cursor on that selected icon, hold the button down and drag the icon to the folder or disc in which you want to "file" it; when the cursor and icon are overlying that site the folder or disc will also become highlighted. Releasing the mouse button will then relocate the original item to the site of your choice. If the original item is on the same disk as its final destination, its icon will disappear from its original location. If the original item is on another disk, a small box will appear telling you that the file is being copied to its new site. After this transfer has occurred you may drag the original item to TRASH unless you want it saved at the original site as a duplicate.

A Dialog Box

Let us now suppose that you have written a letter using your word processor: in this instance you use WordPerfect, a word processing application, to write a letter to Apple Computer. Either before or after writing the letter, you place the cursor on the FILE menu item, hold the mouse button down and drag the cursor to SAVE AS... in the submenu and release the button; a DIALOG BOX (see above) appears. (Alternatively you could use the keyboard and type COMMAND-S.) You then type the name of the document into the box provided in the dialog box; in this instance you have inserted "Apple Computer 2/7/96".



This is a DIALOG BOX. It provides one with a great degree of control, not only of where to file a document, but also the format in which to file it (text, hypertext, WordPerfect document, etc.) The layout of this box will vary with the application in use, but in all instances the buttons and icons are similar.

When the dialog box is first opened the small rectangular box at the top contains the title "Miscellaneous" which is the folder that is open and ready to receive the document should you decide to place it there. If the cursor is placed on the small triangle within the box and the mouse button held down, a larger rectangle (seen above) appears.The titles beneath "Miscellaneous" show the location of this folder in relation to the "Desktop". In this instance the "Miscellaneous" folder lies within one called "Letters 1996", which in turn resides in a third entitled "CNS Files"; this last folder is located on my hard drive, "APS".

If you now click the "SAVE" button, the letter to Apple Computer will be placed in the "Miscellaneous" folder; if you drag the cursor down until the "Letters 1996" is highlighted, then release the button and click "SAVE" the document will be saved in the "Letters 1996" folder and so on.

An alternative way of moving about your hard disk is to click on the icon "APS" in the right upper corner of the dialog box; this will move me back one folder to the one entitled "Letters 1996"; two more clicks on this button will take me to the desktop.

If you should want to file this letter on another disk, either another hard disk or a floppy disk that has been inserted into the computer, click on the button "Desktop" and then move from there to the desired site using choices that appear in the window within the dialog box. After you have found the correct site, click the "Save" button and the letter is placed where you want it.

Last, But Not Least...

Spend plus or minus $75.00 to purchase the software to BACK UP your hard drive. You may never need these files, but if your drive should ever fail you will wish that you had saved all of that information stored there.

Keyboard Shortcuts.. for Mac

Do you find it time consuming to always go to the menu bar with your mouse when you need to apply a common function? Well, for many common tasks you don’t need to. You can use Keyboard Shortcuts. Keyboard shortcuts use the modifier keys (the 3 to the left of the spacebar, shift, Fkeys and sometimes the Caps Lock) in conjunction with intuitive letter keys. You hold down the modifier key(s) and then type the letter. You don't hit them all at the same time. For instance, to save in almost every program all you need to do is hold down the command key (the key on either side of the spacebar, the one with the Apple on it) and type S (cmd+S).

Here are the four most common modifier keys and how I will indicate them.

cmd - the command key, the one right next to the spacebar. There is one on each side of the spacebar and they both act identically.

opt - the option key, well labeled

crtl - the control key, well labeled

shft - the shift key, well labeled

FINDER KEYBOARD SHORTCUTS They must be used from the Finder, not from an application.

cmd+N - Create a new folder
cmd+Down Arrow - Open a File or Folder
cmd+O (letter) or cmd+Down Arrow - Open a highlighted icon
Tab - Select the next alphabetical icon
shft+Tab - Select the previous alphabetical icon
Left Arrow (in icon view only)Select an icon to the left
Right Arrow (In icon view only) - Select an icon to the right
Up Arrow - Select an icon (or file) above
Down Arrow - Select an icon (or file) below
cmd+D - Duplicate a selected item
opt+Up Arrow - Open parent window
cmd+W - Close the Active Window
opt+click on folder triangle (list view) - Expand Folder and all contained within it
opt+click on folder triangle (list view) - Collapse Folder and all contained within it
cmd+opt+W - Close all open windows -(or opt+Close from the File menu or opt+clicking any window's close box)
cmd+dragging window's title bar - Move Inactive Window
cmd+I - Get Info
cmd+del - Move selection to the trash
cmd+opt while inserting disk - Rebuild Floppy Disk Desktop
cmd+opt+Tab while inserting disk - Erase Floppy Disk
opt+drag - will make a copy of the item instead of just moving it. The original will stay where it was and you will have two identical items

Some of the most common shortcuts that are available to virtually all Mac programs are:

cmd+A - Select All items or text in active window
cmd+C - Copy the current selection to the clipboard
cmd+O - Open a file
cmd+P - Print the active window
cmd+Q - Quit the active application
cmd+S - Save the current file or document
cmd+V - Paste clipboard contents at current cursor position
cmd+W - Close active window
cmd+X - Cut the current selection, delete it from current window and put it on the clipboard
cmd+Z - Undo the last action

Each application has many of it's own shortcuts. You will find many of them in the menus in the menu bar, more can usually be found in the help files. Here is the edit menu from the Finder. You can see the Keyboard shortcuts following the commands.

c

A printer friendly shortcut list - you can print this out on a single page, just be sure to disable printing the headers and footers.

Blackberry Error code

BB Error Code

0

Error Description
101 Internal JVM error.
102 Invalid code in file system. The .cod files in the handheld have been checked for modification and it has been determined that there is a problem with one or more .cod files.
103 The starting address for the boot .cod file cannot be found. This might mean that a boot .cod file has not been installed on the handheld, or that its format is invalid or corrupt.
104 An uncaught Java exception was thrown in the Java code and diagnosed by the JVM. Execution can be continued or the handheld can be attached to a debugger on a desktop through a serial or USB cable. The event log should contain the traceback of the thrown exception.
105 An OS file system API returned an error status for a certain operation. This can indicate a corrupt file system or an error in the JVM.
106 An error has been detected in the graphics system of the handheld.
107 Internal JVM error.
108 Internal JVM error.
109 Internal OS error.
110 Non-idle event downtime error. A problem has been detected in the accumulation of JVM down time that represents how long the JVM has been idle. This indicates an error in either the OS code or the JVM code.
200 Application manager threw an uncaught exception. The application manager event thread threw an uncaught exception and so cannot continue running.
201 Initialization of the cryptographic system failed and the handheld cannot continue to operate.
202 An attack on the key store has been detected, and the handheld cannot continue to operate.
203 The application manager console process, usually the Home screen ribbon, has failed, like due to an uncaught exception.
501 Internal error.
502 All processes exited. The last Java process has terminated, and there is nothing left to execute.
503 Internal error.
504 Internal error.
505 Internal error.
506 An uncaught Java exception was thrown in the initial VM Java thread thus killing the only live thread in the system. The event log contains the traceback for the exception.
507 A dependency on a .cod file could not be satisfied due to a missing .cod file. Load the missing .cod file onto the handheld.
508 Invalid object. A problem has been detected with a debugger command to the VM.
516 Error occurred during garbage collection, which might indicate a corrupted file system.
510 All threads are waiting on objects, which results in a deadlock. The system cannot recover from this state since no thread can release a lock.
511 A problem has occurred during debugging.
515 The reachable objects form a group that cannot be represented properly by the VM because there are too many objects or the total size of the objects is too large.
516 When committing a persistent object, the VM found that the persistent store id counter has reached its limit. The object was not committed.
517 An inconsistency has been detected in the VM persistent object store.
518 Internal error.
519 Internal error.
520 Internal error.
521 Indicates that Object.wait() has been executed by a thread that holds a lock on another object; occurs only in simulator if the JvmDebugWaits application switch.
522 A thread has acquired two locks on objects in an order that doesn’t match the order that previous locks for the two types were acquired, which indicates a future potential deadlock situation; reported only in the simulator when the JvmDebugLocks application switch is set.
523 A critical Java process has died and the device cannot continue to operate normally.
524 An object has been marked as recovered by the Low Memory Manager but it was not freed during a garbage collection. This is only checked in the simulator under the control of the JvmDebugLMM application switch.
525 Bad persistent object. An auto-commit operation during a garbage collection has detected a non-persistent object reachable from the persistent store root. The type of the object has been output into the event log.
526 The class definition for java.lang.Object cannot be found.
527 The class definition for java.lang.String cannot be found.
528 The file system is corrupted. Data on the handheld is unrecoverable.
529 The file system is corrupted. An attempt is going to be made to recover data, but some data might be lost.
530 Internal JVM error.
531 Flash memory has been exhausted.
532 A JVM assertion has been violated. This error can occur only in the simulator, not on an actual handheld.

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